A Battle For Adulthood Essays - The Red Badge Of Courage

A Battle for Adulthood All through the novel The Red Badge of Courage, composed by Stephen Crane, a topic is depicted inside a fight that happens during the Civil War. It is that every individual must discover the mental fortitude to win their won fight for development or adulthood. A fighter, who is additionally the fundamental character, Henry Fleming, epitomizes this subject. Henry Fleming starts as a juvenile trooper who enrolls in the military without knowing a motivation behind why. Henry has a sentimental perspective on the war, and anticipates that it should be sublime: They [battles] probably won't be particularly Homeric, yet there appeared to be a lot of wonder in them. He [Henry] had perused of walks, attacks, clashes, and he had yearned to see everything. Henry clearly needs development since he was resolved to enroll in the military, however attempts to censure the administration for being at war. Henry begins to understand that there are no legends and that there are no people: He had developed to view himself only as a piece of a huge blue exhibition. Thusly he is starting to take on the conflict inside himself into adulthood. Henry looses a portion of his self-centeredness and gains worry for other people, another venturing stone: He felt the unpretentious fight fellowship more strong even than the reason for which he was battling. Henry abandons a withering fighter and runs from a fight, however perceives that fleeing wasn't right. It isnt a develop activity, yet he is full grown to understand the greatness of running. With the information on his past errors, Henry goes into fight without contemplating the past and battles chivalrously. After a general offers a defamatory comment about Henry and his confidants, it uncovers Henrys change of disposition. He acknowledges the remark without disobedience and battles with mental fortitude. As a result of the accomplishment of battling fearlessly, Henry has the confidence to manage his errors as a grown-up. As a develop individual he can gain from his missteps. Before the finish of the novel, I feel Henry has changed and he knows it. He has become a fighter that picked up mental fortitude, duty, and can concede his bad behavior. He can never compensate for abandoning the withering warrior, yet now entering adulthood he can put his transgression a good ways off. By increasing new characteristics and defying his weakness, he is really adult: He felt a calm masculinity, nonassertive yet of solid and solid blood. He was a man.

PESTEL and Trend Analysis for the Hotel Industry in Spain

Lodging industry contains perhaps the greatest territory of touristic business in Spain. PESTEL and pattern examination for the inn business in Spain uncovers that however the extreme budgetary emergency caused a brief decrease in this division, inn business immediately recouped from the emergency and is right now while in transit to another time of success. Spanish political, monetary, and lawful conditions are somewhat favorable for the two bosses and representatives in the lodging business and should energize its broad improvement in the closest future.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on PESTEL and Trend Analysis for the Hotel Industry in Spain explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Spain Political Analysis Government Stability According to the information gathered by The World Bank (2013), the file for political steadiness in Spain is as of now developing, however it was altogether under 0.00 file during 2006-2011 (standard. 2). Along these lines, the dangers of destabilization of the administration are higher than in other Western European nations however are not as basic as it was during the earlier years (A. M. Best Company Inc., 2015, p. 3). The brought down paces of government security experienced by Spain during the ongoing years Spain impacted lodging industry by making the nation less appealing to outside speculators. Notwithstanding, current government solidness is ideal for remote financial specialists. Tax assessment Policy The Value Added Tax in Spain is expected for any administrations sold in the nation, including lodgings and social occasions. 2013: The Spanish government expanded inn charge from eight to 10% (Berman, 2012, standard. 2). The tax assessment approach essentially influences the lodging business, as high inn charges decline the paces of the travel industry. The two percent climb in lodging charge in Spain has not caused critical changes in the inn business, however further assessment climb isn't at tractive. Inn Industry Specific Regulations In Spain, inns are obliged to convey the rates they apply to the Local Tourism Authority and to put them in a noticeable spot (CMS control, 2008, p. 58). Itemized guidelines endorsed by the Ministry of Industry administer wellbeing and security issues in the inns, including the size of the room, debilitated access, fire and break plans, and so on. (CMS control, 2008, p. 59). An inn permit from the Regional Tourism Authorities is required to initiate exchanging. The lodging business guidelines in Spain are profoundly powerful in guaranteeing the security of the clients and the reasonableness of charged expenses. Social Welfare Policy Spain has a littler government assistance state than generally focal and Northern European nations. The social administrations gave by the Spanish government managed savings remember security for instance of maternity, ailment, joblessness, retirement, and so forth. Social insurance and training are widespread (Aguilar, Escobedo, Montagut, 2013, p. 5). The social government assistance strategy in Spain secures the workers and ought to advance the improvement of lodging industry by pulling in new representatives to this segment. Business Laws 40-hour working week. Get-away of 21 business days. Fifteen days (counting ends of the week) for marriage. Four months for maternity leave. Business laws in Spain are generally like the laws of other Western Europe nations. In any case, the pay rates in Spain are lower than in northern Europe, and, in this manner, the Spanish inn industry isn't serious as far as pulling in exiles and other remote workers, however is serious in drawing in outside speculators. Serious Regulations Fair rivalry should be guaranteed and constrained by the country’s antitrust authority †the Comisiã ³n Nacional de la Competencia (CNC) (Spain: Anniversary of the Spanish Competition Act, 2013, p. 1). The opposition law is upheld by the Competition Service (Servici o de Defensa de la Competencia) and the Competition (Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia) (Spain: Anniversary of the Spanish Competition Act, 2013, p. 1). The serious guidelines in Spain make a reasonable domain for the rivals in the lodging business and ought to advance its further turn of events. Spain Economic Analysis Business Cycles The extreme financial emergency as of late experienced by Spain has significantly impacted the business cycles in the nation. The incredible downturn of 2008 has caused a noteworthy lessening in the business exercises. The business cycle trough in the late spring of 2013 was trailed by the recuperation time frame proceeding till now (Global business cycle map, 2015, standard. 1). In spite of the fact that Spain encounters business cycle trough, the business in the nation should observer the fruitful recuperation and development during the closest 10-20 years. Loan costs The financing cost in Spain began declining in 2008. After an emotional abatem ent, it proceeded with a slow falling up to 2015. Spain’s benchmark loan fee is set by the European Central Bank and is at present at 0.05. Spain Long Term Interest Rate is at 1.78% (European Central Bank, 2015, standard. 1). The diminished loan fee in Spain mirrors its financial flimsiness and presents a genuine danger to all businesses, as frail monetary isn't probably going to draw in speculators. Cash Supply Money flexibly in Spain keeps on developing. Cash Supply M1 in Spain is 663777 EUR Million while Money Supply M2 is 1032192 EUR Million (IEconomics, 2015, standard. 1). The expanded cash flexibly influences loan fees of the nation. The expansionary money related approach in Spain can prompt further diminish in loan costs. Swelling Hotels and eateries involve 11.5 percent of the purchaser value list in Spain (Ernst Young, 2013, p. 239). After an extreme reduction in expansion in 2008-2009, it encountered a time of development hindered by rehashed decline beginning in 2 012. At present, customer costs record in Spain keeps on falling almost 0.5 percent on a month to month premise (National Statistics Institute, 2015, standard. 1). The lodging business fundamentally impacts the customer value list in Spain, as neighborliness is one of the primary supporters of the more extensive economy. Thusly, the improvement of inn industry ought to be one of the primary needs of the administration. Joblessness Unemployment is one of the most fundamental issues in Spain. From 2008, the joblessness rates were developing and arrived at the unequaled high of 27 percent. Right now, positive inclinations are seen, as the jobless rate is 21 percent now. Spain’s cordiality division underpins countless occupations comparable to 12.4% of the absolute workforce (Ernst Young, 2014, p. 239). In this manner, the legislature is probably going to invest a lot of energy in advancing the improvement of inn industry as it assumes a critical job in giving work openings. Disc retionary cashflow Disposable Personal Income in Spain expanded to â€Å"215100 EUR Million† this year and Spain Real Household Personal Disposable Income is at a present degree of 98.80 (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 2015, standard. 1). There is a noteworthy distinction in the discretionary cashflow of the top and the base of the number of inhabitants in Spain Spain’s brought down extra cash rates are probably going to make the nation appealing to remote financial specialists because of the brought down costs required for paying the neighborhood workers. Trade Rates Spain’s Currency is Euro. The conversion scale for Euro is about â‚ ¬0.77= $1. The trade rates in Spain absolutely rely upon the general inclinations looked by Euro, as the nation doesn't utilize its nation explicit money. Such circumstance prompts the high enthusiasm of the number of inhabitants in the European Union utilizing a similar cash to the travel industry in Spain, which legitimately impacts the inn business. Spain Socio-Cultural Analysis Demographics As of July 1014, Spain had an all out populace of about 48 million (CIA, 2015, standard. 1). Almost 50% of the populace is matured 25-54 years, and the middle age is 41 years (CIA, 2015, standard. 2). Urban populace includes almost 77 percent of absolute populace. Roman Catholicism is the common religion (94%) (CIA, 2015, standard. 1). Way of life Changes Spain is known for a wide scope of sports and relaxation exercises. The nation has gained notoriety for its delightful food being known as an agent of the Mediterranean eating regimen. The profoundly different scene offers both excellent sea shores for summer occasions and astonishing mountains for winter occasions. The accomplished money related emergency in Spain has affected certain parts of the Spanish way of life, yet the nation remains profoundly appealing for voyagers ready to encounter the well known points of interest of the Spanish way of life. Training Level Nearly 99 percent of the populace matured over 15 can peruse and compose (CIA, 2015, standard. 26). The nature of training in Spain is viewed as lower than in other Western European nations. Fifty-five percent of grown-up populace has upper optional training. This file is lower than the normal percent for the greater part of European Union nations. Brought down degree of training in Spain adds to brought down wages, which can be an appealing variable for outside financial specialists. Salary Distribution Spanish riches hole is viewed as one of the greatest in the European locale, as it the most inconsistent in Europe. Top 20% of the general public is roughly multiple times more extravagant than the base of the populace. The inconsistent salary circulation in Spain influences the inn business, as it ought to make a popularity for low-paid occupations in the accommodation part. Social Mobility Spain, alongside other Southern European nations, has all the earmarks of being fairly social stable. In Spain, the impact of parental foundation on person’s instructive and openings for work is somewhat high (OECD, 2010, p. 185). Mentalities to Work and Leisure Work-life balance is one of the essential needs of the Spanish populace. Spaniards are less inclined to consider profession the most significant thing of their life than the number of inhabitants in Northern European check

Is Lucid Dreaming Dangerous The Truth Unveiled

Is Lucid Dreaming Dangerous The Truth Unveiled You get into bed at night, fall asleep and start dreaming. In your dream, things suddenly become very vivid, much like real life.You see yourself doing things you cannot in your real life, such as flying, or controlling your environment using your mind.When you realize that you can fly, you decide to fly off to the beaches of Caribbean, one of your dream vacation destinations, and you instantly find yourself there.That is when you realize that this is no ordinary dream. You realize that you are dreaming, and your dream self is responding to input from your conscious mind.In this state, you can do whatever you want to do or go wherever you want to go, with no constraints at all.You might not know it, but you are having a lucid dream. If you have never experienced such a thing, it might sound like fantasy.However, this is a very real phenomenon that you can also experience through lucid dreaming.WHAT IS LUCID DREAMING?According to medicinenet.com, lucid dreaming refers to an experience where you become aware that you are dreaming.When you are lucid dreaming, you gain the ability to observe your dream with the conscious realization that it is actually a dream.You can even control the activities and outcomes of your lucid dream. Lucid dreams occur when your brain switches into wakefulness while you are inside a dream.One study found out that when a person is lucid dreaming, there is increased activity in the pre-frontal cortex, a region of the brain that is associated with cognitive abilities and a sense of agency. This shows that lucid dreaming is a hybrid state of consciousness.When you are having a normal dream, your consciousness is usually shut down. You are not self-aware, neither can you think or make decisions.Despite being the one in the dream, things happen in autopilot mode. You have no control over what your dream self does.With a lucid dream, you are self-aware, you have the ability to make decisions within the dream, and you have control over what hap pens in the dream. Your brain can distinguish between the dream world and your reality.In a lucid dream, your brain knows that the dream world is a fantasy world where everything is possible. If things go against your expectations in a lucid dream, you have the ability to tell yourself to wake up. Lucid dreams are usually very vivid â€" you can see, hear, smell, taste and feel things the same way you do in your real life.The term lucid dream was coined by 1911 by a Dutch psychiatrist named Frederick van Eden to describe the experience where one takes an active role in a dream.In such a state, the dreamer can engage in activities which defy logic and the laws of nature, gravity, and even morality.This perhaps explains why many people use lucid dreaming to either fly or fulfill their sexual fantasies. Lucid dreaming can also help you find solutions to complex problems you have been grappling with. HOW TO HAVE LUCID DREAMSLucid dreaming is not a gift that is reserved for a chosen few. About half of the world’s population have or will experience at least one lucid dream in their lifetime.To majority of these people, lucid dreams occur naturally.The lucid dreams are sporadic and unpredictable. However, it has been scientifically proven that lucid dreams can be induced, and there is a growing community of enthusiasts who use different techniques to get into lucid dreams at will.The good thing is that anyone can learn these techniques and use them to get into lucid dreams.While there are several techniques of inducing lucid dreams, in this article we are going to look at the three most popular techniques.Reality TestingThis technique involves performing several reality checks throughout the course of your day to determine whether you are awake or dreaming. These checks could be anything, such as:Jumping in the airReading some textLooking at a clockPushing a finger through your opposite palmBefore attempting the reality check, ask yourself if you are awake or dreami ng. In the dream world, when you jump in the air you might float in the air for a while since your dream body will not be affected by gravity.Text appears scrambled or blurry in a dream, while a clock will show different times every time you look at it. Similarly, your finger will go through your palm if you are dreaming.Performing these reality checks does two things. First, the more you do it, the more the habit gets ingrained into your mind, and with time, you will find yourself performing these reality checks even when you are dreaming. Second, the checks will make it possible for you to distinguish between your dream self and your real self. These two factors will make it possible for you to realize when you are dreaming, thereby making you lucid.When using this technique, it is also helpful to keep a dream journal where you write down your dreams in detail immediately you wake up.This will train your mind to remember your dreams more clearly and recognize dream signs. Dream si gns are events, things or situations that recurrently appear in your dreams.Once you become familiar with your dream signs, your mind will recognize them in a dream and therefore help you realize that you are in a dream.Wake Back To Bed (WBTB)This method involves waking up after about five or six hours of sleep and then going back to sleep. You can do this by setting an alarm to wake you up.The aim here is to wake up while you are in the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage of your sleep, and then fall back to sleep.Since most lucid dreams happen during the REM stage, waking up for a short moment before going back to sleep makes your mind alert and then quickly takes you back to a dream world.By going back to REM sleep when your mind is more alert, you will have a higher chance of lucid dreaming. When you wake up while trying this technique, try as much as possible to keep your eyes shut.Mnemonic Induction of Lucid Dreams (MILD)This technique is done in bed, right before you fall asleep. Once you are comfortable in bed and ready to fall asleep, tell yourself that the next time you dream, you will know that you are dreaming.Keep repeating this to yourself and drift off to sleep with that thought in mind.As you repeat your mnemonic phrase, you can also think about the last dream you had and picture yourself in the dream. Look for the dream signs that signaled that it was a dream and not reality, such as the ability to fly.If you fall asleep with these thoughts and affirmations of your mnemonic phrase, there is a chance that you will achieve lucidity once your sleep gets to the REM stage.THE DANGERS OF LUCID DREAMINGWith the rising popularity of lucid dreaming, many people are eager to try it out, but many also have reservations about any dangers or negative side effects of the practice.These fears are not entirely baseless. While lucid dreaming has a lot of benefits, it also has some side effects which can put you off the practice for good.Some of the dangers usually associated with lucid dreaming include:AddictionMany people who practice lucid dreaming use it as a technique to experience an alternative reality, and like anything that is used to escape reality (drugs, sex, games, etc.), lucid dreaming can quickly become addictive.This is especially true in the first stages as you start experimenting with your new-found skill, and more so in cases where the dream world is more exciting than your reality.Once you learn how to lucid dream, you might find yourself looking forward to nighttime so that you can go to sleep and explore your dream world.You might also start waking up late so that you can spend more time in your dream world. Lucid dreaming becomes somewhat of an obsession, and if unchecked, it can have a negative impact on other things such as your work, your love life and social involvement.If you are always looking forward to sleep so that you can visit your dream world, then this is definitely going to affect your waking life.Getting T rapped In A DreamThis is a common fear that many people who have experimented with lucid dreaming experience. This fear results from something known as false awakenings, where someone who is having a lucid dream, in a bid to get from the dream, dreams about waking up.While it seems like you have actually woken up, something happens that makes you realize that you are still dreaming, that you are not fully awake. If this keeps recurring, it can get to a point where you do not know whether you are really awake, or if you are dreaming of waking up.This makes you feel like you are trapped in the dream world.Experiencing false awakenings can be very scary, especially if you are new to lucid dreaming. While you are aware that you are dreaming, you feel like there is nothing you can do to pull yourself from the dream world.While false awakenings are frightening, there is nothing to be worried about. You cannot get trapped in a dream.Eventually, you will wake up from the dream into reality. Once you realize this and stop fearing the false awakenings, you will even be able to enjoy your lucid dreams better.Sleep ParalysisThe loss of control over your limbs while asleep is one of the scariest aspects associated with lucid dreaming. Sleep paralysis is a normal part of sleep that happens to everyone.When you get into deep REM sleep, your body typically gets into a state of paralysis.The paralysis is a result of neurons in your brainstem blocking signals between your brain’s action-generating regions and the nerves in your spine and muscles.This keeps you from sleep walking at night or actually performing the activities playing out in your mind as you dream. Since most of us are usually not conscious during REM sleep, we do not realize that our bodies are in a state of paralysis.However, when lucid dreaming, you have some level of consciousness, therefore you might attempt to move your limbs in response to whatever is happening in your dream. However, since your body is i n sleep paralysis, it seems like you have lost control over your body movements, which can be very frightening.For instance, if you dreaming that something is chasing you and you try to run, it can be very terrifying to realize that your body is not responsive to your brain’s commands.Luckily, sleep paralysis is a normal and natural occurrence, so it something you should be scared of. Once you accept it as a natural part of your sleep, you will overcome the fear and allow yourself to enjoy the experience of lucid dreaming.The key thing is to remember that nothing will happen to you, even if you seem to have lost control over your body.Fighting it, on the other hand, can intensify the feeling and make it even more terrifying.ExhaustionSleep is typically supposed to leave you feeling fresh and rejuvenated when you wake up in the morning. Similarly, since lucid dreaming happens when you are in REM sleep, your body and mind should be able to get the amount of rest needed to ensure you wake up feeling fresh. Some lucid dreamers claim that they wake up feeling better after a night of lucid dreaming.However, this is not always the case. Sometimes, a night of lucid dreaming can leave you feeling very exhausted. This is mostly associated with the techniques used to induce lucid dreaming.Some people induce lucid dreaming using techniques that might tamper with their sleeping patterns, which in turn means that they do not get adequate sleep.If you wake up feeling exhausted every time you have a lucid dreaming experience, you should examine your techniques and find out if they affect your sleeping patterns.For instance, some techniques induce lucid dreaming by interrupting your sleep in the early hours of the morning, when you are more likely to be in REM sleep. While these techniques might be an effective way of getting you into lucid dreams, they might also be contributing to your exhaustion.Changing your techniques can get rid of the exhaustion.Alternatively, you can reduce the amount of time you spend trying to get into lucid dreams, ensuring that you get adequate, uninterrupted sleep for most of the week.Lucid NightmaresLucid dreaming is still dreaming, and like happens with ordinary dreams, your lucid dreams will sometimes turn into nightmares.Since you are self-aware, coupled with the fact that lucid dreams are usually more vivid than ordinary dreams, lucid nightmares can be extremely terrifying.Luckily, the fact that you are lucid also means that it is possible to exert some control over the nightmare.Therefore, if you are skilled at lucid dreaming, you can turn your lucid nightmares into pleasant dreams.You can also consciously remind yourself that you are in a dream, therefore making the nightmare less frightening.Fear of Sleep (Somniphobia)Sometimes, when learning how to lucid dream, you might end up having very vivid dreams but without the awareness that you are dreaming or the ability to control the dream.In such cases, having a night mare means that the nightmare would seem very realistic, yet you would have no control over the nightmare or have the ability to remind yourself that it is only a dream.In the event that the nightmares occur frequently, it can lead to a somniphobia, a situation where you become afraid of going to sleep because of the possibility of having nightmares.Inability To Distinguish Between Reality And DreamsThis is one of the most common side effect of lucid dreaming, and one of the leading reasons as to why many people are afraid of attempting lucid dreaming.Since you experience the events in your lucid dream world the same way you experience events in your real world, your mind might get mixed up about events that happened when you were lucid dreaming and that those actually happened in the real world.Memories from your dream world and your real world might become jumbled. For instance, if you are walking in your home town and you bump into a friend in your lucid dream, you might remember it as something that actually happened, even though it did not.In extreme cases, your conscious mind might tell you that you are in a dream even when you are awake, leading to irrational behaviors.A good way to prevent this is to have a dream journal where you record every single dream you have.This way, if you are unable to distinguish something that happened in your dreams from something that happened in real life, you can always refer to your dream journal.HOW TO AVOID THE DANGERS OF LUCID DREAMINGWhile there are some side effects associated with lucid dreaming, the good part is that you can take some action to prevent these side effects.Some of the ways you can avoid the dangers of lucid dreaming include:Learn The Right Way To Lucid DreamSome techniques such as WBTB might affect your sleeping pattern if you are unable to fall back to sleep after waking up in the early hours of the morning, leading to exhaustion and daytime drowsiness. The key, therefore, is to mix up your lucid dreaming techniques.For instance, you might only decide to attempt WBTB on weekends, while using reality checks and MILD for the weekdays. This way, you will be guaranteed of adequate sleep every week.Meditating every day is also a good habit that will make you more alert when you are awake and improve your chances of lucid dreaming without affecting your sleeping patterns.Keep In Mind That It’s Just A DreamWhatever you come across during your lucid dream, always remind yourself that it is just a dream and that you will eventually wake up.Doing this will help keep you from getting frightened by your lucid dreams and will make it easier for you to become more experimental and explorative.Avoid Making Lucid Dreaming An ObsessionLearning how to lucid dream can be very exciting, and it is possible to find yourself looking forward to lucid dreaming every night. If unchecked, this can quickly become an addiction.The key is to realize that, like everything else in life, lucid dreaming s hould be done in moderation. Instead of attempting to lucid dream every night, aim for just one or two nights every week.You should also be active in your waking life and try to make some achievements and have some fun. If your waking life is dull, lucid dreaming can quickly become an obsession, a way for you to escape your reality.Give In To The ProcessOne of the reasons most people experience some of these side effects of lucid dreaming is because they try to fight them. The way our brains are wired, worrying about something actually attracts these very thing.Therefore, if you worry about false awakenings every time you attempt to lucid dream, you are actually more likely to experience the false awakenings.The key, therefore, is to give in to the process and let things come to you. After all, you are just dreaming, and no harm can come to you from a dream.Therefore, even when you experience a nightmare while lucid dreaming, instead of trying to fight it, acknowledge that it is a d ream and face your fears in your nightmare.Giving yourself to the process is the only way you will be able to gain control over your lucid dreams.Use Reality ChecksUsing reality checks is the best way to avoid being unable to distinguish between your dream world and your real world.Making it a habit to perform reality checks every morning when you wake up can help you avoid false awakenings.When you perform a reality check in your false awakening, you will realize that you are still dreaming, therefore your false awakening will not leave you disoriented.Reality checks will also help you know when you are dreaming and when you are awake, which is important for achieving lucidity.You can perform reality checks by performing actions that defy physics or trying to affect your environment with your mind.For instance, you can try to make something disappear from your environment using your mind. This will succeed in a dream world, whereas it is impossible in the real world.FINAL WORDThere are some dangers associated with lucid dreaming, the phenomenon where you gain awareness while in your dreams. Luckily, most of these side effects are only minor.They will not cause any huge impacts in your life. In addition, you can avoid most of them by learning to lucid dream the right way, keeping in mind that it is only a dream, practicing in moderation, giving in to the process and using reality checks.

All Managers Are Hr Managers - 3083 Words

â€Å"All Managers are HR Managers?† Executive summary: In this paper the relationship between managers and HR managers will be discussed with regard to some of the primary HRM practices, such as recruitment, performance appraisal, compensation and benefits, and training development. The importance of HR to organizational success is discussed highlighting the importance of HR and its use as a strategic tool. Both HRM and management are reviewed and the interrelationship between the two is established within the structure of SME’s. Many smaller companies don’t have separate HR departments and often don’t implement elaborate HR systems, but rather limit these activities to the processing of administrative tasks and the more strategic†¦show more content†¦So it can be said that the degree and complexity of HR practices will become more distant from normal managerial tasks as the size of the organisation grows. This does not mean that one system is superior to the other but more that one is an outcome of growth. So the HR-practices in SMEs are not better or worse than those in larger corporations, they just follow a different logic. [3] Management and HRM: [3.1] Human Resource Management: (Raymond J. Stone, 2008, pp. 3) describes Human Resource Management as â€Å"The Productive use of people in achieving the organisations strategic objectives and the satisfaction of individual employee needs† Businesses that have implemented a specific HR department usually employ HR experts to operate and implement HR related tasks. A specialised manager or department is usually effective from a company consisting of 50 or more employees. Obviously as stated earlier the complexity of which would increase with the size of the company. [3.2] Management: (Cronje, Du Toit, Marais, Motlatla, 2003, pp. 122) Defines management as â€Å"The Process whereby Human, Financial, Physical and Information Resources are employed in order to reach the goals of the organisation† There are generally 2 different types of managers; Functional (specialised for different departmental functions within the organisation) and General (integrates all the functional). In a small company these functions could be combinedShow MoreRelatedDiscussion Questions Hrm1655 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion Questions 1. Explain what HR management is and how it relates to the management process. Human Resource Management is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. The HR management function is all about the staffing activity. Staffing is all about personnel management. 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She said she is so much busy in defining various gaps and making planning to fill those gaps. She seems much busy in interview and selection process and also helping in training to the new staffs. She is found to be initiating for establishing theRead MoreThe Role Of Managers And Hr Practitioner s Interaction Within Disciplinary Processes Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe study focuses on the role of managers and HR practitioner’s interaction within disciplinary processes, which has been given less attention throughout research. The focus being that HR professionals retain a role in providing advice and expertise in ensuring managers comply with disciplinary procedures (Harris et al., 2002:253) whereas this arguably comes into conflict with operational managers perceived preference for informality (Edwards ,2000:253) This research may in turn provide the basisRead MoreHuman Resourc e Management and Hr1030 Words   |  5 Pagessets out the importance of the HR function, explains how HR activities support the organisation’s strategy and ways HR support line managers and their staff. The HR Function is in a position to add value by proper formulation and implementations of the following activities and in turn support the organisation strategy. Recruitment and Selection Recruiting the wrong people can lead to a drop in productivity, lack of commitment, low morale, and rapid staff turnover, all of which can impact heavilyRead MoreHarrison Brothers Corporation Case Study1570 Words   |  7 PagesApplications: Cases, Exercises, Incidents, and Skill Builders, located on page 13. The Role of the HR Manager Brenda McCain views her responsibilities as challenging given that multiple areas of the corporation’s operation need improvement in order to better align with the updated store business strategy. She clearly expresses several areas of need that fall within some functions of HR Management; however, after careful review and discussion of the case, the team collectively agreed that someRead MoreThe Importance Of A Good Human Resource Department1748 Words   |  7 PagesA good human resource department is essential to any successful businesses in today’s society. Before human resource managers were seen as people who deal with employee disputes and little more, now this is just one small part of their role to organisations. Human resource is a huge department for reasons as being a key planner in helping company’s employee performances. In this essay I will be exploring the different types of personnel management that is used, assessing the roles of human resourc e

The World Through Their Eyes - 1173 Words

The World Through Their Eyes We can disagree with them, appreciate or belittle them but one thing we must never do is ignore those who think differently because â€Å"the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do.† Steve Jobs. At first the world rejected Zuckerber, Jobs and Hawking’s attempt to change societey and called them crazy. These three people’s alternative thinking molded societey into the remarkable place it is today. Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs and Stephen Hawking are all people who I would like to switch lives with. Mark Zuckerberg’s ability to make the world so small, his generosity and how he managed such a large work load while at Harvard are the things that make me wish I could switch†¦show more content†¦Roughly a decade after founding Facebook Zuckerberg truly demonstrated his generosity by signing up for a pledge known as â€Å"The Giving Pledge.† In effort to help solve humanity’s dilemmas, Warren Buffet and Bill Gates founded the pledge, which is intended to encourage the wealthiest humans on the planet to donate at least half of their earnings to philanthropic causes. At only 30 years of age to have the moderation, maturity and especially the generosity to join the pledge is something I truthfully admire. Improving time and work management has been a goal I have set for myself the last couple of years. How Mark Zuckerberg managed his time and the work that Harvard and the creation of billion dollar idea takes is something I would like to experience how. Co llege in its self is hard enough, and going to Harvard is demanding, but materializing a multibillion dollar idea while at Harvard is just way beyond insane. How he made Facebook successful under the circumstances he was already dealing with makes me want to have that experience to develop the work and time management skills he has which completely amazes me. Mark Zuckerberg’s inventive thinking changed the ways humans interact socially; however before the Facebook era Steve Jobs completely innovated technology and transform the way we live. If I was given the

Values and Modern Era Free Essays

Modern mass society presents a sharp contrast, as the young grow up. They are faced with confusions, delays and discontinuities. Adolescents in particular are uncertain about themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Values and Modern Era or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some are in conflict with themselves, bewildered an insecure. Values are usually influenced by the changing philosophical ideologies, cultural and religious perspectives, social, political and geographical conditions. In modern emerging society, there has been a revolutionary change in the field of values due to many factors in addition to the influence of modern culture, industrialization, modernization, urbanization, globalisation and multinationals.Values are the guiding principles, decisive in day to day behaviors as also is critical life situations. Values are a set bring of principles or standards of behavior. Values are regarded desirable,important and held in high esteem by a particular society in which a person lives. Value education means inculcating in the children a sense humanism, a deep concern for the well being of others and the nation. This can be accomplished only when we instill in the children a deep feeling of commitment to values that would build this country and bring back to the people pride in work that brings order, security and assured progress.Value education refers to a programme of planned educational action aimed at the development of value and character. Every action and thought of ours leaves an impression in our mind. These impressions determine in our behavior at a given moment and our responses to a given situation. The sum total of all our impressions is what determines our character. The past has determined the present and even so the present our present thoughts and actions will shape our future. This is a key principle governing personality development. The human values are resolved having lasting impact necessary for bringing about change in thought and conduct, in the 21st century. â€Å"If there is righteousness in the heart there will be beauty in character If there is beauty in character There will be harmony in the home When there is harmony in the home There will be order in the nation When there is order in the nation There will be peace in the world† At the boyhood state, individual physical development is concerned, during manhood and old age intellectual and spiritual values start dominating the corporal values.Therefore while imparting moral education educators must keep in mind that the young must be educated. Prizes may be given to the deserving persons for showing honesty, bravery, truth etc. The award should be given during school gathering. Contests may be organized on values of life. According to Father of Indian Nation M. K. Gandhi â€Å"If wealth is lost nothing is lost† â€Å"If health is lost something is lost† â€Å"If character is lost everything is lost† Best of all things is character. How to cite Values and Modern Era, Papers

Underage Drinking Speech free essay sample

By a show of hands, how many people in this classroom have drunken alcohol? Now by a show of hands how many of you are under the age of 21? As you look around the classroom, you will see that most of you are under this age. Now think to yourself, even though you are under the age of 21, does it mean that no one in this classroom has ever tried alcohol? According to Prof. Rosenberg from the Psychological Bulletin 1993, alcohol is the most serious problem facing teenagers. We are all students in high school and most likely gone to one party with alcohol. Being a high school student and under the age of 21, I have researched this topic of underage drinking because I thought this issue would be extremely beneficial to all of us since we are in high school will most likely be going through experiences involving alcohol. Today Im here to convince you to think twice about picking up that next bottle of alcohol†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Underage Drinking Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Underage drinking is illegal in all 50 states. The tolerance that police have to a teenager drinking and driving is absolutely zero. When most parents find out their child has been drinking they are not pleased. Underage drinking is a crime. It is a first-degree misdemeanor punishable with a maximum sentence of 6 months of incarceration and a $1000. 00 fine. Not only is underage drinking against the law, but it is endangering the persons life, as well as others, especially on high school campuses. Teenagers are not responsible enough to drink When people drink they use poor judgment, and when underage people drink it is even worse. The more you drink, the more judgment you lose. For example, according to Prof. Rosenberg from the Psychological Bulletin in 1993, 90% of all campus rapes involving drinking are 68% of manslaughter convictions and 63% of assaults that involve alcohol. Imagine this situation of your best friend driving home from your house one night. And on the way home, your friend meets some person who decided to drink too much and your friend and the other driver crash head on. The underage drunk driver survives, while your best friend is killed. So what happened to the drunk drivers judgment? They left it in their 15 empty beer cans at the party. Statistics show that every 15 minutes someone in the U. S. dies as the result of an alcohol related traffic collision. Alcohol is harmful to your health. Drinking can be harmful to your body in several ways. Alcohol is a drug that can cause:liver damage, cancer, heart damage, fetal alcohol syndrome or even death. people who drink on a regular basis tend to look older faster. So just think to yourself, drinking alcohol may seem good when you are 18 and want to look 21, but what happens when you turn 30 and look like your 50. How good is it then? As John Carvel, the spokesperson for the charity Alcohol Concern said: Alcohol reinforces our belief that there needs to be much more emphasis on education and prevention in terms of making people more aware of the dangers of alcohol misuse. Young bodies are just not made for drinking alcohol. Today Ive explained to you why underage drinking is harmful to teenagers. First we talked about why teenagers should not have alcohol, then we discussed why teenagers are not responsible enough to drink, and finally we discussed how alcohol is harmful to your health. I urge you to educate others about the effects of alcohol. I will conclude this speech with a question that I would like for all of you to think about, Is being accepted into a group, loosening up in an uncomfortable setting, and escaping the pressures of everyday life worth the risks and consequences that are in effect after the first, sip, funnel, or bottle of alcohol? Is it really worth it?

Cognitive Learning Theory

Friedrich Nietzsche essays

Friedrich Nietzsche essays Friedrich Nietzsche was a 19th century German philosopher who challenged the basis of Christianity and traditional morality. In contrast to his works, Nietzsche was raised by a pious Lutheran family, and often labeled the little pastor. After Nietzsche attended a boarding school, he went to study philosophy at the University of Bonn. Four years later, he transferred to the University of Leipzig, where he met Professor Friedrich Ritschl and found his niche for philosophy, philology, and literature. At the young age of 24, under the direction of Friedrich Ritschl, he earned a professorship at Basel. His beliefs were founded on the works and lives of great philosophers and men such as Arthur Schopenhaur and Charles Darwin. At the age of 21, Nietzsche lost his faith in traditional religion and found philosophy when he was introduced to Arthur Schopenhaur. Schopenhaurs philosophy was based on the premise that people did not have individual wills, rather we are the pawns of a life force. This was in direct contrast with Nietzsches traditional religion which teaches that we, in contrast, do have individual wills. Charles Darwins influence can also be seen in Nietzsches work. Nietzsche is notorious for his will to power, in which he asserts assumptions similar to Darwins survival of the fittest. Simply put will to power is a process of expansion that he believed was the basic driving force in nature. Nietzsches beliefs centered around his will to power and led to other theories of our existence like the slave morality theory. The slave morality theory maintains that the weaker groups virtues (slave) are viewed as positive attributes, like passivity. While on the other hand, the dominating groups virtues (master) are viewed as negative attributes such as evil. Both the will to power and ...

How to grade a research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to grade a research paper - Essay Example Moreover, formatting and citations form another key aspect of consideration while grading a written paper. In all the above, grading would be dependent on the extent of understanding and how expectations are met. Marks would be awarded as regards to the following analysis; does the written work meet expectations, fail to meet expectations or does it exceed the expectations. Logic would have low grades awarded if the paper fails to meet the expectations. Average awarding would be for the paper that meets expectations while higher grades would go for the papers that are extemporary and exceeds expectations. The capacity to logically organize ideas in paragraphs that are coherent and easy to understand is a basic evaluation aspect. Language competence is tested by evaluating word choice, word formation and sentence structure and the adequacy to convey basic meaning. Spelling and proper command of syntax is equally important as bad spelling would distort the intended meanings. Written work should also employ the proper style of writing as regard the discipline’s expectation. Qualitative analysis and general formatting play vital role in the overall understanding of a written research paper and thus must be regarded highly. Moreover, the introduction and conclusion work as executive summary of expectation or findings respectively and as such are key components of a properly done research paper. Finally, all works of literature sighted must be properly referenced in order to give certainty to originality of a written work. In my case as a professor, grading is not just awarding grades to the written work of students. It’s true that students interpret awarded marks in various manners. It becomes emotional to some and the interpretation may work to boost or lower the self worth of an individual student. Nevertheless, the variety of considerations

Nursing Research Article Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nursing Research Critique - Article Example A good article provides information on the geographical location of the study as well as the type of target population being explored. Although, the authors do not share any information on the location of the study but they mentioned the target population, the surgical patients. The article narrates the problem statement in a clear way; mentions the study variables as well as the population involved. The authors want to assess the impact of the education of nurses in the hospitals over the care and eventually the mortality status of these patients. This is an important area which is feasible to carry out and will result in interesting findings which will be generalized on similar hospitals. Since a researcher has to present a new idea, hypothesis or pose a research question based on some violence. This can be constructed once there is no information, or the previous research suggests some new research activity or previous evidence raised new questions. Whatever be the case, literature review becomes significantly important to build the situation! This literature review, actually, favors and opposes some of the issues and new research is proposed, in a way to decide the conflict. Yes, literature review in this article is comprehensive. The sources are very much relevant to the topic and almost all are primary ones. Both types of viewpoints, supporting and opposing, have been added which lead to the development of a rational for the next study, the current one! Theoretical/conceptual framework The authors have not described anything explicitly as theoretical or conceptual framework. But the way rational is developed based on the existing evidence and the arguments in the favor of testing the research question are impressive. The authors have taken up various concepts related to the topic and discuss them clearly; they also link these concepts. They have not provided the formal definition of various terms but have described them well. There is no information which suggests that the framework is strong enough to make judgments. Hypothesis/Research Questions This article does not state any research question or hypothesis right away as a question or hypothesis but build a rationale and make statements which go in the direction of a research question or hypothesis. Actually, an explicit hypothesis is important for making the future research design and analysis. In this article when the authors write the statement of hypothesis they take into account the variables, independent and dependent. In fact, research questions have not been raised or stated in real sense but the issues which need to be explored have been described very well. Strictly speaking, the research questions have not been written in the article so they cannot delineate the study. Quantitative Designs This study was carried out using cross-sectional design which has been mentioned clearly in the methodology section. For this hypothesis, design is fine as far as the determination of association is concerned between the independent and dependent variables are concerned. But this design cannot determine the cause and effect association as

Ethical Issues In Video Games Media Essay

Ethical Issues In Video Games Media Essay The industry of Electronic-gaming has developed into one of the most successful industries in the present technical world. According to an article issued by Entertainment Software Association (ESA, 2011), this particular industry has a huge target market of approximately USD 25 billion. The electronic-gaming industry has turned out to be one of the most successful businesses around the world. The current era is where people depend on connectivity through technology. In addition, the computer gaming industry has brought in tremendous job opportunities by providing nearly 120,000 jobs to the global business market (ESA, 2011). Meanwhile the disadvantages faced due to computer usage are also rising steadily not only in countries like USA but also in all the European countries where people are going through a lot of issues with regard to video-games. Researchers around the world are coming out with the bitter fact that most of the teenagers are being affected by the amount of violence involved in these video games which would cause psychological impacts and bring about addiction. The negative effects of video games are rising drastically along with the advancements of the technologies. Initially the target markets of the electronic gaming industry were youngsters, but nowadays people of all age categories seem to be addicted to video-games. According to the statistics of ESA (2011) it was publicized that 42% of the gamers are females and 58 % of gamers comprise of male players. At the same time another research states that about 72% of household American citizens are playing computer or video games whereas the average of 29% represent people above 50 years. Thus, the aforementioned points brings in to light that the evolution of video-games resulted due to rapid technological advancements. However, it should also be noted that there are always two sides for a coin, in this case the pros and cons involved within the industry should be looked at. The issues in relation to this particular industry can be identified as health issues, legal issues, social issues, professional issues and most importantly ethical issues that are rising on a daily basis. The major social concern associated with electronic gaming is violence and serious aggression towards the society. According to the research conducted by Jummy Et Al, (n.d) of Indiana University School of Medicine, about violent games, it was proved that playing a violent video game directly influences self-control and attention, which not only impacts the player but also indirectly affects the society as well. These kind of serious issues are attracting public awareness in an immense scale. The violence attached to the video-games has been subjected to extensive debate over the years. Jimmy et al, (n.d) also states that violent Video-games reflect a more harmful approach than violent movies and television-dramas due to the interaction between the game and the players. This social issue also opens up different perceptions where an example can be quoted as such games spread disgraceful incidents among the teenagers and children, enabling them to get used to such incidents and consider them as a normal behaviour. According to AFP (2010) a 14 years old boy killed his father by using a sledgehammer since his father had disturbed his computer game. Consequently, it can be concluded that the teenagers mind-set has been changed and dominated by violence and serious aggression. This violence he exposed to the society was because of the game that he used to play. David Walsh (2007) states that playing violent games directly stimulates physiological problems such as pro-social effects, concerns, etc. To rationalize more, we are living in a country where most of the people are with sentimental values, so feelings and behaviours are more important to us. By playing violent video-games, it first affects our feelings as human beings where we have to respect others as our culture is based on good feelings and good behaviours. As mentioned above, playing aggressive games will affect both the feelings and behaviours of humans and as a result, an individual would lose the value of humanity. In addition, Davi d Walsh (2007) signifies that 63 % of the students who are playing aggressive video-games have more tendencies to be involved in physical fights or violent activities as such which enables in changing the teenagers mind-set as per the game. Therefore as a result, playing violent video-games is a serious antagonism that would affect the society and the individual humans behaviour. For an example according to Cleancutmedia (2009) biggest story of video game related to violence history was re-written due to Danil Petric who was 23 years old, who viciously shot his mother and father where mother was dead at the incident and luckily Danils fathers life was rescued. The reason for this unusual behaviour was that he was addicted to a violent aggressive game called Halo 3 which contained very violent pictures and videos. One day his father didnt let him play that particular game and this was the cause of this incident. After this incident, reporters identified that he used to play that game up to 7 hours per day. This meticulous incident proves the mentioned point above because violence and serious aggression cause many social issues since playing violent games do not only affect the individual who is playing that game, but it also affects the family that he/she belongs to and their society as well. The society can be affected due to violence and serious antagonism; therefore this point can be categorized as a social issue. Considering the above mentioned issues with the social public interests, the society is not benefited at all by playing violent video-games and they have exposed their serious aggression towards the society which have already affected the people in a harmful way and also can affect the society in future as well. As mentioned above these social concerns brought another critical aspect in to light which is known as health issues. According to Sciencedaily (2011), it demonstrated that video-games may have substantial behavioural problems such as pro-social effects and concerns, varying psychological problems and etc. To justify within this range Mitchell (2011) also favours the earlier argument saying spending lots of time with video-games lead to situations with addiction, isolation, depression, social phobias and it would directly drag that person into various physiological issues. As Sciencedaily (2011) explains, pathological gamers usually play games approximately 31 hours per week and due to those reasons it will directly affect the human physical body as well. Latest research reveals that playing games for long hours directly affects the muscles, joints and can cause back and neck pains as well. Especially teenagers who play for at least 5 hours a day will experience the above mentioned h ealth issues (Better Health, 2011). According to BBC News (2005) a South Korean person who almost played StarCraft 3 for more than 50 hours nonstop with very few breaks died due to a heart failure. Another real world incident took place in Northern China where a man who was addicted to playing online games was reported dead after spending lot of time for online gaming, and the doctors identified that his blood pumping was improper which caused that death (Spencer, 2007). By only considering these two incidents we cannot come to a conclusion but undeniably these incidents justifies that playing games for long hours can seriously cause damage to human physical body. According to Dillner (2011) video-games also make teenagers put on weight because they just play the video-games with full comfort and there is insufficient physical exercise. So according to her explanation it also affects the hand and fingers due to the constant contact with the keyboard or joystick. Dr. Douglas, A. Gentile who conducted many researches based on video-games addiction and human psychology, argued that spending lot of time in playing games or anything cannot be clarified as addiction. He also states that it might be a symptom of addiction (Dr.douglashn, n.d). His research clearly agrees that addicted gamers reflect serious issues with society since they dont like to make friends, lack of socialization and also there are possibilities of them having many health issues as well; for example sleep disturbances, headaches etc. In this modern world people are also concerned about personal health in that way spending too much time on video-games will eventually cause a darker tomorrow as health issues directly affects the society in a harmful way. Hence, the above mentioned points identify health issues to be one of the main concerns of electronic gaming. Video games have positive and negative sides while looking into social issues. By considering the above given examples it was clearly pictured, showing how a society is affected by various violent and aggressive video-games. According to Professor Mark Griffith (n.d.) of Nottingham Trent University, video games are proved to be a distraction for those undergoing painful cancer treatments. In a study which was conducted in year 2004 by Butch Rosser, a surgeon of Laparoscopy, he studied the surgical skills of surgeons playing video games and surgeons who did not. It was astonishing to know from the results, that surgeons playing video games were faster in action and made lesser mistakes during work than those who did not play video games. Video games that include simulation of real world scenarios are becoming popular. A game called Americas Army introduced by United States, replicates a real wartime experience which is going to help and train new recruits. It is a known fact that violent aggressive video games do not positively contribute to an individual or societal development. But such games could stabilize violence as a familiar and acceptable option in order to deal with conflicts. In this case there are various positive video games being introduced in order to educate youth about some of the societal issues around the world. Examples of such games would be: Food Force, Darfur is Dying, UNICEF World Heroes, Peter Packet and etc. These types of games could serve as valuable tools in educating our youth about ways in which video-games could bring in positive societal changes by increasing the helping tendency, reducing violence and etc. When it comes to the ethical aspect of video-games it is not straight forward as the above mentioned social issues. Addiction to these aggressive games could be classified as the most debated ethical concerns during the past decade. According to Jimmy Dan et.al (n.d), some of the Video-games such as Mortal combat, Warcraft and Grand-theft-auto are highly addictive. In the same report they have disclosed a real example of how addiction affects an individuals life. These real stories justify that addiction to violent games affect negatively for a particular individual. Arguments might arise as to why people are addicted to violent video-games. According to ESA (2011)s research, it reveals that only 3.8 % people buy video games based on strategy, fight category represent 8.4% buying behaviour, whereas 15.8% of people buy shooting based video-games. These statistics simply exhibits the buying behaviour and most importantly a considerable percentage likes to buy action or fight category b ased video-games rather than buying a normal game. As already mentioned game developers target the teenagers and they produce insistent games because most of the teenagers are drawn towards them. Consequently, targeting a specific age group and producing violent video games directly violates the universal ethical principles such as respect for others, honesty and fairness. To sustain and survive in the electronic-gaming market, the developers will not stop creating such aggressive video-games since it has a huge demand. But really is it wrong to create or develop violent video-games? Are playing and creating such violent video-games the only factors that affect the social responsibility of a person? These video-games provide a virtual world to do things that we cannot do in our real world. It gives an opportunity to experience these things in a virtual manner without harming anyone. But then again considering the above mentioned issues, the society is not benefited at all by playing violent games. They have exposed their serious aggression towards the society which has already affected the people in harmful ways in the past and this can affect the society in the future as well. As mentioned previously, ethical issues can be addressed in both ways but according to the studies and incidents just because the industry targets on achieving greater profits its ethically wrong to encourage abnormality in people. Even to validate this action we can use deontological theory. The ethical concerns have brought in another very crucial aspect which forms the cheats for video-games. According to Morch (2003) cheats in most of the games happens in MMOG (Massive Multiplayer Online Games) such as WarCraft III and Air Warrior. Cheating opens up different perceptions such as, if the players could use cheats and if the game is easier to play why do we have to play without cheating? Is it ethical to cheat the game where the other players do not use cheats in their games? Many researches were conducted to rationalize that particular argument. According to Morch (2003) it clearly says that 35% of the online games were being hacked in 1997 and undeniably now it is expected to rise more because nowadays technology is much more advanced than the good old days. According to Aboukhadijeh (2009) hackers or cheaters are a real challenge to the game developers and these people are violating the ethical principles such as respecting others, treating others as equal, honesty and acting with integrity. Hackers or cheaters who are cheating in video-games are taking unethical advantage over the particular game, by undertaking various strategies. Importantly after cheats and bugs were released into the society the value of a particular game would gradually decrease. Besides Morch (2003) mentioned that due to modifying original game into cheatable game the value will reduce significantly. For example, after the launch of a game called Battlefield in 1942, the game market was very high but after sometime it drastically went down due to cheats. According to Morch (2003), it mentions that usually game cheaters use two different methods to cheat in games such as cheating by conspiracy or cheating by modifying games software or data. They simply do this fo r different purposes where some game cheaters make fraudulent money in some game competitions. Because of these unethical practices the virtual gaming world is being destroyed constantly and also by cheating or getting unethical advantage over the game process is directly violating several ethical principles such as fairness, equality, honesty etc. In order to justify, deontological theory also says that cheating in video-games action itself is wrong. So cheating in any form of the game is clarified as an ethical issue because there is no regulation for its avoidance. When it comes to Law and Regulations for video-games it represents many faces in todays world. Video-games related to legal issues have many aspects and first legal concern would be selling highly adultery content games to under aged. This concern is debated all over the world but no country has been able to fulfil all the hauls in selling adultery content to under aged. Outlaw (2008) indicates that due to technological improvements and various other facilities gaming industry have witnessed a lot of criticism on various social attributes, politics etc. Selling adultery content to under aged can affect the retailer who knowingly sells it. According to Outlaw (2008), previous law was not a successful one because the percentage for retailers for defending their side was high. In the same article it mentions that 87% of teenagers playing highly adultery contented video games. And in the particular case of Online retailers caught selling adult games to under-age boy (Hussain, 2013), the online sellers have sold adultery games to an under aged boy. These distributions of sexual video-games among under aged children directly violates Video Recording Act of 1984 (UK) under section 7 (classification certificates section), under section 2 both (A) and (B) and it also violates PEGI (Pan-European Game Information) rating system 2011 (UK). Hantsweb (2012) indicates that some game companies who produces heavy sexual behaviour related content, criminal activities, horrific pictures and video clips in their video-games has to submit it to the BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) and then obtain a certification before the game can be released to the market. Even in this case most of the companies undervalue this process and they simply reduce the age range instead of submitting the video for BBFC. Hence, this is another anxiety that arises in courts and opens to society, therefore not submitting the games for BBFC classification can be guilty and the company will have to pay around GBP 20,000 as penalty or they might even have to accept 6 months of imprisonment. The above mentioned legal issues can have another perception where the games are based on extreme content of nudity and continuous disturbing sceneries in any form. In order to protect gaming industry from various bad influences and crimes, certain countries such as UK, USA and many European countries build their own voluntary regulations such as PEGI (Pan-European Game Information) etc. Nevertheless, extreme nudity within the video-games may affect the laws and regulations by creating a computer game that contains extreme nudity and violence. This may directly affect the countrys civil constitution. So if the game contains of any nudity or extreme violence, it will clearly violate Digital Economy Act 2010 (UK), Section 2 of the Video Recordings Act 1984 (UK) Conditions relating to video games (section 2- a, b, f and h) and can be penalised accordingly. Mitchell (2010) mentions that heavy rain game was officially banned from U.A.E due to extreme nudity and violence but initially it was approved by PEGI. Various researchers highlighted that these games initially got the approval from PEGI but were banned in the country because that game may affect the civil regulations which are prevailing in the country. GamesLatest (2010) gives another example that God of war III was also officially banned from Dubai due to high level of nudity and violence. These electronic games create a huge number of negative ethical impacts as shown in the above context, but there are a comparable number of positive impacts as well. Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) rating is a method where positive impacts could be brought in where parents could identify which game is good and suitable for their children. It is the responsibility of the government to implement an improved rating system with greater features given to the extent of violence and aggression in the games. This scheme would educate parents and help them use the rating tool and to identify the best suitable games for their children. Along with these social, ethical and legal issues video-games do have professional issues as well. First professional concern would be in terms of the developers point of view relating to the current computer rating system which is critical for identification of that particular game. As already mentioned the developers make their game for a target group of people; for example, ESA (2011) states that most teenagers enthusiasm is towards buying an action or fight based computer game. Therefore it sets the conditions for the developers to consider that particular segment in addressing their developing agendas. Onyett (2010), mentions that top 10 video-games contains 7 action games and among that 7 action games, five are rated as 17+. This clearly demonstrates the video-game customers buying behaviours. Many video-games are being miss-rated for their own benefits and some of them are miss-rated accidently as well. According to Sinclare (2006), ESRB has miss-rated the best-selling Elder S crolls IV: Oblivion game as Teen and then they have rerated it as Mature. The customers who would have bought the game already would have been affected by its miss-rated content. This has clearly breached BCSs code of conducts under Public Interest Section (A) and Under Duty to the profession Section (A). In this case they have been only concerned about their business benefits and they have neglected the concern towards the public. Another critical concern about professional issues is when creating video-games, do the game developers follow professional code of conducts. Vitally some video-game developers build their video-games to address various hidden things. According to Clark (2008), it is stated that in a game called Muslim Massacre, virtual people represented by the players in the game as soldiers and enemies were characterized as Muslims. The development of this kind of games directly affects a particular ethnic community. This clearly violates BCSs code of conducts under public interest section A and B. Maintaining the professional code of conduct would prevent negative issues and bring in positive issues which would enhance good professional practices. Video-games have been a great invention to virtualize the real world scenarios and it gives people an opportunity to do almost anything in these virtual environments. By referring to the issues mentioned above we may conclude that video-games do have issues related to social, ethical and professional aspects to address. In order to minimize the negative impacts caused by electronic games, parents will have to implement necessary steps before the child gaining bad experiences by playing video-games. A method of prevention by parents could be by confining their children playing aggressive video-games before they fall into the stage of addiction. Another way of handling these types of circumstance is always to convert the childs necessity by providing an alternative game instead of violent video games. The best preventive method to create a change in the childs mind is that the parents ability to educate their own children about video-games and essentially what so ever the game is, pare nts should allocate a specific time period for their children to play. This can reduce the children getting addicted to video-games. Addictive situations could also be prevented by not letting a person alone when he or she is playing a video game, as it could bring in addiction and isolation. Members of the family or parents being around would be a reminder of the real world and would prevent the player being consumed by the virtual environment. Further it is also advisable that parents have a control over the type of games that are purchased and given to the children. In addition research and case studies denote that most of the people living alone would have a higher chance of getting addicted into these video-games. Moreover medical science proves that an individual could involve in certain activities like chatting with friends instead of being alone which could reduce the addictive situation. The modern world is driven by technology and there is very less human interaction. Outd oor games and gathering among friends and family have reduced by a large scale enabling teenagers to draw a circle around them and be in isolation. Companies are driven purely by profit-making motives and there is less importance given for ethical and professional conduct. The benefit and welfare of the society at large is ignored. The electronic gaming industry at its initial stages had more strategy games that provide greater space for creativity and strategic thinking. Eventually the movie industry moved towards heightened violence and to be in line with the trend companies included more and more violence within these video games as well. Hence manufacturers of these games should take into consideration the damage that is caused to the community and develop games in a way that is less harmful to the human psychology. Regulators and professional bodies should also ensure that appropriate certification is given prior to these games being released to the market. Stringent penalties should be put in place for companies that violate these laws. Finally, the gaming industry, just as all other commercial industries, would have profitability and sustainability at its core but achieving its objectives in an ethical and professional way should be as equally important so that a better society can be nurtured.

Oprah Winfrey Eulogy for Rosa Parks Essay

This paper will evaluate the Oprah Winfrey Eulogy for Rosa Parks â€Å"†¦God uses good people to do great things.† The purpose of this speech to evaluate Oprah Winfrey speech utilizing the critical thinking skills that have been acquired during term. The paper explains the purpose of the speech as well as answers questions to why words or phases were selected. Given the General Education Assignment in my Critical Thinking class was to evaluate the famous eulogy that Oprah Winfrey had spoken on October 31, 2005 at Metropolitan AME Church in Washington, D.C. for Rosa Parks. This speech was given in front of Reverend Braxton, family, friend, admirers, and the amazing choir. The purpose of this speech was for people to understand young Oprah’s Winfrey appreciation of Rosa Parks and what she did Oprah’s speech is about the effect that Rosa Parks had on her as a child growing up in the South, during height of the Civil Rights Movement. Oprah remembered as a child, how her father explained to her about this colored woman (Rosa Parks) who had refused to give up her seat and in her mind, she thought â€Å"she must be really big.† Oprah imagined that Rosa Parks must be at least 100 feet tall and must be a stalwart, strong, and carrying a shield to hold back all the white folks. This is especially significant, considering that unlike the few black public figures of the time who were ministers, athletes, and entertainers. Rosa Parks was a regular person, a house keeper who rode the bus like young Oprah herself. Oprah Winfrey began to state how it was an honor for her as a â€Å"colored person† to be able to present a speech for a well known African American female hero. I personally found it interesting that Oprah used the term â€Å"colored† to describe African American people considering it’s been deemed inappropriate for the better part of the last forty years or so. This term â€Å"colored† is offset by a set of quotations which relates back to Fundamentals of Critical Thinking by Burton Porter in Chapter 2, where he states that in the process of communication we usually employ wo rds to convey some meaning, but occasionally we refer only to the words themselves and not to what they convey. We know that in this case Oprah was using this word because it had a particular meaning which grouped all African American people. Oprah intentionally used this term that was looked at as negative at the time to exalt Rosa Park’s and her accomplishments This relates to how oppressed people has used terms to denigrate them and turn them around as terms of endearment or pride. Oprah’s speech went on to describe how Rosa’s sacrifices inspired her to become the woman that she became today. â€Å"Without that inspiration, after being raped at age 9 and having a baby at age 14, she may not have been able to work on the radio while still in high school or co-anchored the local evening news at age 19.† www.Oprah.com Oprah Winfrey was headed towards to the life of being a regular person just as Rosa Parks, living a normal life as many other African Americans, fighting for equal rights. Oprah also thanked Rosa for herself, and for every colored girl, and colored boy, who didn’t have heroes who were celebrated. Referring back to Porter in Chapter 10, this was an inductive generalization of Rosa Park’s impact on Oprah and the world in general. Inductive generalization tends to get us in trouble as if did for Oprah in this speech because there was only a few sample statements based on one or two instances where a conclusion was drawn. Porter quotes George Hegel â€Å"An idea is always a generalization, and generalization is a property of thinking; to generalize means to think.† I would personally say this speech was very informal as it didn’t give specific examples of how Rosa actions impacted Oprah’s trajectory. There is no definitive evidence that what Rosa Parks did impacted Oprah going on to become the most successful talk show host in the history of broadcasting. Don’t tell that to Oprah because she stated herself that she would not be where she is today if it had not been for Rosa Parks. Overall, I believe that although this was an inductive speech, it highlighted Rosa Park’s impact on Oprah Winfrey and the Country in general. The language and terminology used in this speech does relate closely to the understanding of today’s literature. This speech was presented in a very straight forward way. The fact that Rosa Park’s did not give up her seat on the bus, to a white male, has made history for the Equal Rights Movement. Reference 1. www.Oprah.com 2.The Fundaments of Critical Thinking. Burton F. Porter Copyright 2002.

Michael Gow’s “Away” Essay

Drama is a genre that is deliberately written for performance, and therefore, the reader’s understanding of the characters and issues is always improved by its staging. â€Å"Staging† in Drama means the process or manner of putting a play on stage. This refers to the positioning of the characters and props, the way the actors move, the way they use their voice and how the character looks. Gore Vidal once said, â€Å"A talent for Drama is not a talent for writing, but an ability to articulate human relationships.† By this, Vidal meant that to convey a play properly, association between the characters has to be real, dynamic action that captures the attention of an audience. Away is a charming play that deals with family, relationship, life, growing up and death. It depicts the final months leading up to the disintegration of the condition of Tom, a boy dying from Leukaemia. In the final stages of his life, he is desperate to achieve all that a normal person would in his short lifetime. Emily McPherson of the Age newspaper says, â€Å"This moving play prompts us to consider what is ultimately most important in our lives,† and also considers how relevant it is to Australians, even today, noting that â€Å"Every Australian can relate to this play and learn about the deeper meaning to life†. One factor of staging is Stage Directions. These are the way the playwright communicates with the director in regards to movements and actions of characters, positioning of props, and types of sets. These aspects affect the way the audience views a scene, as they can reveal issues, power relations, social positioning, and relationships between characters. In the last Act of Away, an entire scene is performed only through Stage Directions, yet it is a major scene in the conclusion of Away. This scene depicts the returning of Coral to her husband, Roy, and the subsequent resolution of their differences. Jim and Gwen are reconciled as well. In the case of Roy and Coral, the audience sees their reconciliation through the symbolic offering of the shells to Roy from Coral. With just stage directions, we can tell that this is Coral offering herself, her old self, to Roy. She is asking for forgiveness and we know through Roy’s kissing of  the shells and Coral herself that he has accepted her apology. The directions on the positioning of the characters on stage have to be effective to avoid audience confusion, as there is often split scenes. The way the set is used (â€Å"use of space†) is a useful medium to show conditions of the scene. These can include time of day, where the scene is set, the time period of which the scene was set, and the motives of the characters. Props are often included to add reality to the scene and often offer symbolism relating to the character that uses them. On Christmas Day at the campsite that Gwen’s family is staying at, Gwen, rushes onto the scene with a 12-inch fake Christmas tree and announces â€Å"If you want to have a Christmas you’d better get started now so we can get it over with. Hurry up. I don’t spending half the day sitting around waiting for people to open their presents.† This Christmas tree, being fake, represents Gwen’s resentment of Christmas- she obviously thinks it is a real chore. This does not make Meg and Jim’s Christmas real- their they are, on a day that is supposed to promote goodwill, the importance of the family and other relevant values, and their mother and wife is acting like she’d rather be any other place than with them- this day is an inconvenience. Characterisation can be defined as the representation of a character on the stage, especially by imitating actions, gestures, or speeches. Every element that combines to make a character is included in characterisation. Costumes are a helpful channel of symbolism and we can learn different things about the characters, both in connotative and deconnotative ways. To exemplify this, look at Vic’s new sunhat, which she comments on in Act Three, Scene Five- â€Å"I love my new hat.† This sunhat represents her role as the dominant partner in the family through Harry’s line â€Å"We could have sheltered under your hat.† The charisma of the sunhat reveals not only her personal charisma, but as this hat is only worn during the holiday, shows what a great time they are having on vacation. Tom also wears a Hawaiian shirt during the beach holiday scene, reflecting his laidback character. This is just one of many hints that are given to the reader to show Tom’s parallels with Puck, even though this one is very subtle. Tom acts and represents the catalyst, through his resolve and vitality; despite the disease he gives  each family hope. He represents the reasons for the reconciliation of each family, just like Puck in A Midsummer Nights’ Dream. Body language can demonstrate relationships between characters and character motive. Gestures show reactions, emotions the character is dealing with and the implications of these emotions. Expressions work similarly to gestures. Both help to put what the character is saying into context. We can see when Tom lies down on the beach during his walk with Meg that he is offering himself to her sexually. Meg rejects this offer. When this scene in viewed in performance, we can tell that Meg is rejecting Tom because she begins backing Away from him and cautiously glancing back at the path they came, wanting to go back to the safety of her parents, where Tom can’t impose anything like this on her. The audience has gone from seeing the two characters walking closely, side by side, to seeing Meg back away, with a different, more guarded attitude, and ultimately leaving him and hurrying back to the campsite. Lighting is helpful in setting a mood for the scene- for example, dark lighting may conjure up a theme of doom and gloom, where as a single spotlight will centre the audience’s attention on that one character. Special Effects are sometimes used in points of extreme climax. An example of a symbolic use of lighting would be in Act Five, Scene 2. It is the last scene of the play and shows the start of the new school year- probably Tom’s last year alive. The lighting becomes bright, summery, morning. This audience can sense that this echoes the dawn of the last stages of Tom’s life. Special Effects, though not noted in the stage directions, could be used during the storm scene, in which Gwen’s family are caught in a fierce storm that leaves the family in even more disarray. Jim describes their feelings like this â€Å"There doesn’t seem to be much use to carry on with your holiday when your van’s a wreck, your boat’s smashed on the rocks and all your clothes are soaked.† The storm embodies the family’s instability and their strained relationships. The reason Tom’s family was bypassed by that storm is because Tom’s family is a happy family who are content with life and the least uncooperative. Special effects highlight climactic points like the storm. Music reflects the dialogue of a scene and can highlight the important issues in the scene. It is also and effective way to set a certain mood or feeling. In Away, Mendelssohn is often referred to in the stage directions. For example, his calming Dreams is played during Act Three, Scene Five, where Tom’s family having a wonderful, relaxing time during there beach holiday. In this case, the music is reflecting the emotions and essence that embodies the scene. Mendelssohn’s music is often referred to in Gow’s stage directions, meaning it is probably the type of music he thinks reflects the play as a whole. Staging will always enhance the audience’s understanding of what is happening on a stage. The reader/audience member’s perspective of the play is always changed through Stage Directions, Characterisation, Music, Lighting, Special Effects and use of space. Earlier, Gore Vidal’s quote, â€Å"A talent for Drama is not a talent for writing, but an ability to articulate human relationships†, was mentioned. When analysing Vidal’s quote, it can be interpreted that Vidal meant that a playwright did not just have to possess the talent of writing, but that to show an accurate portrayal of the relationships that people have to one another, and the ways in which they handle these relationships. It can be deduced that Vidal was referring to the use of not only literature but also staging techniques that would humanise the characters.

My Life Of A Man - 874 Words

What grown some of the personal hate for the male community, were not the humiliations or occasional beatings, when I was a teenager. From the seeming innocent school times to the gruesome times in the military, I have spend an enormous amount of time surrounded by men. Confused about my own gender and not knowing any better, at the time, I ve tirelessly tried to learn and adapt to their culture and adapt to be a man. I wanted to survive, to fit in, wanted to be just one of the normal guys. As soon as I figured out, that instead of beauty, it is the intelligence what men value the most. Computers were becoming a huge part of everyones life, so I knew, that it was a great choice to learn everything about them. I spent years studying them and soon enough, even as a child, I was good enough to make more money than some of the adults in full time jobs. (Thank you Mr. Bill Gates for developing Windows and establishing Microsoft!). 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